Roman Numeral Converter

Convert numbers to Roman numerals or Roman numerals to numbers quickly and accurately with our free online Roman Numeral Converter.

Convert Roman Numerals and Numbers

Enter a whole number from 1 to 3,999.

What Are Roman Numerals?

Roman numerals are a number system that originated in ancient Rome. They use combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet to represent numerical values.

The seven basic Roman numeral symbols are:

Symbol Value
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1,000

Roman Numeral Rules

Roman numerals are normally written from larger values to smaller values. However, certain smaller symbols can be placed before larger symbols to indicate subtraction.

Combination Value Meaning
IV 4 5 − 1
IX 9 10 − 1
XL 40 50 − 10
XC 90 100 − 10
CD 400 500 − 100
CM 900 1,000 − 100

How to Convert a Number to a Roman Numeral

To convert a number to a Roman numeral, the value is broken into Roman numeral units from largest to smallest. The corresponding symbols are then combined.

For example, 2026 can be represented as:

Value Roman Symbol
2,000 MM
20 XX
6 VI

Therefore, 2026 = MMXXVI.

How to Convert a Roman Numeral to a Number

To convert a Roman numeral to a number, the values of its symbols are generally added together. When a smaller symbol appears before a larger symbol in a valid subtractive combination, the smaller value is subtracted.

For example, MMXXVI represents:

1,000 + 1,000 + 10 + 10 + 5 + 1 = 2,026

Common Roman Numeral Examples

Number Roman Numeral
1 I
4 IV
5 V
9 IX
10 X
40 XL
50 L
90 XC
100 C
400 CD
500 D
900 CM
1,000 M
2,026 MMXXVI
3,999 MMMCMXCIX

Where Roman Numerals Are Used

  • Clock faces and watches
  • Book chapters and sections
  • Movie sequels and titles
  • Historical dates and monuments
  • Names of monarchs and popes
  • Events such as the Olympic Games and Super Bowls

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the largest number supported?

This converter uses the standard Roman numeral notation and supports whole numbers from 1 through 3,999.

What is 2026 in Roman numerals?

2026 is written as MMXXVI.

What is 3999 in Roman numerals?

3,999 is written as MMMCMXCIX.

Can I enter lowercase Roman numerals?

Yes. The converter accepts lowercase Roman numeral letters and treats them as their standard uppercase equivalents.

Is zero represented by a Roman numeral?

Standard Roman numeral notation does not use a conventional symbol for zero. This converter therefore accepts values starting from 1.

Is this Roman Numeral Converter free?

Yes. CalclyWorld's Roman Numeral Converter is free to use directly in your browser without requiring an account.